A student showing communication impairments and repetitive behaviors is likely displaying characteristics of which disability?

The characteristics of communication impairments and repetitive behaviors are hallmark indicators of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Students with ASD often engage in repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or insistence on sameness, and may struggle with effective communication, whether verbal or nonverbal. These traits are integral to the diagnostic criteria for ASD as outlined in the DSM-5, where difficulties in social communication and interaction are also emphasized.

In contrast, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) primarily focuses on issues related to attention regulation and impulsivity rather than specific communication deficits or stereotypical behaviors. Learning Disabilities pertain more to difficulties in acquiring specific academic skills, often impacting functions such as reading, writing, or math, without necessarily involving communication impairments or repetitive behaviors. Emotional Disturbance encompasses a range of emotional or behavioral issues but does not specifically include the patterns of communication and repetitive behaviors typical of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Thus, the alignment of communication impairments and repetitive behaviors distinctly points to Autism Spectrum Disorder as the most fitting diagnosis.