Praxis National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) Practice Exam

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• Which factor contributes to students becoming more resilient to stress according to family systems theory?
• What is the main concern regarding grade retention due to high-stakes testing, according to current literature?
• What is a key component of the relationship between school psychologists and parents?
• What do effective school-family partnerships emphasize according to NASP?
• What is the ethical obligation of a school psychologist to parents before consulting with teachers?
• Which practice best exemplifies providing culturally competent services?
• Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for reporting skewed oral reading fluency scores?
• What is a common challenge faced by school psychologists when assessing infants and toddlers?
• A student showing communication impairments and repetitive behaviors is likely displaying characteristics of which disability?
• Students are most at risk of cumulative cognitive deficit if they experienced...
• Which of the following is NOT a component of Project ACHIEVE?
• Assessments that evaluate students in relation to a reference group are known as what type of instruments?
• What is the most effective way for a school psychologist to promote parental involvement in student learning?
• To enhance cultural competence, school psychologists should use which strategy?
• Which aspect is critical in the behavioral consultation process?
• A student encircling herself with desks and shouting is likely symptomatic of which condition?
• When a mother requests that test results not be shared with the father, what is the best initial step for the school psychologist?
• Systematic desensitization is primarily used to...
• In assessing a student who frequently misbehaves, which aspect should be measured to pinpoint the issue accurately?
• What is the most accurate statement about the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test™ (KBIT-2™)?
• What technique is a teacher using when they ignore a student’s behavioral outbursts?
• How do cultural brokers differ from community liaisons?
• What is the most appropriate response to parents requesting an evaluation for a specific learning disability in a student receiving ESOL services?
• Which therapy technique helps in reducing children's fears and phobias?
• What term describes the process of establishing productive relationships between families and schools to support student learning?
• Which approach is focused on modifying observable behavior through behavioral contingencies?
• Which type of thinking is NOT considered a specific problem-solving skill for social adjustment?
• Which method is essential for school psychologists to use when assessing student learning needs?
• Which approach is best for increasing comprehensibility of instruction for nonnative English-language learners?
• What cognitive function significantly impacts a student's performance across various academic areas?
• A preschool student pushing peers off playground equipment may exhibit what type of social skills deficit?
• If a child lacks the ability to ask for turns during play, what intervention would be most beneficial?
• What comprehensive assessment is typically vital for a student with severe disabilities?
• How does NASP recommend school psychologists form effective partnerships?
• How do Kelly's phonological processing scores compare to her overall cognitive abilities?
• What term describes the margin of error expected in an individual's test score?
• What is one way a school psychologist can work towards social justice?
• Which of the following behaviors indicates intrinsic motivation in a student?
• What does the described reading intervention for a student primarily aim to improve?
• What hypothesis suggests young children's cognitive limitations may enhance their language acquisition abilities?
• According to John Salvia and James Ysseldyke, what is primarily affected by experiential background?
• According to best practices, what should a school psychologist do if they develop personal feelings for a practicum student?
• Which of the following is a key element in the role of the school psychologist regarding social skills development?
• What condition is most commonly associated with an extra copy of the twenty-first chromosome?
• To effectively reduce bullying, school staff should target interventions towards which group?
• Which of the following is a basic assumption of family systems theory?
• Which approach should a school psychologist use to assess English-language learners for a potential learning disability?
• What might explain an increase in direct-contact hours for a school psychologist?
• According to family systems theory, as students become more differentiated from other family members, they become...
• A T-score of 50 on an assessment reflects which value in the distribution?
• The primary goal of identifying a student as needing a gifted-education program is to...
• What is the first step in planning program evaluation in a school setting?
• A student from an authoritarian educational background may struggle with which type of tasks?
• What is the primary goal of the prereferral intervention team (PIT) meetings?
• A school psychologist worried about their qualifications primarily has concerns about which issue?
• Which behavior-modification technique is exemplified by exempting students from homework assignments for each book they read?
• Why is it essential for school psychologists to maintain student confidentiality?
• What special education eligibility category does Ethan best fit based on his behavior?
• What should a school psychologist explore first when addressing a child's refusal to attend school?
• Why is it essential to assess students' abilities after a certain exposure to formal instruction?
• What primarily determines school climate?
• What is a critical step in effective problem-solving consultation?
• What observational data is relevant when assessing a student who frequently leaves their desk?
• The "paradox of school psychology" refers to what important aspect of a school psychologist's role?
• What common factor contributes significantly to learning difficulties in reading and math?
• What should a school psychologist do if a universal screening reveals that 31% of students fall below the reading standard?
• Within a multimethod model of assessment, child interviews are primarily useful for what purpose?
• Which scenario is an example of observer drift?
• What activity could a school psychologist perform to address a fifth-grade student's home-school collaboration issues?
• Informed consent is a principle supported by which action of school psychologists?
• Direct observation can best be described as...
• Which strategy can teachers use to help increase resilience in their students?
• Ms. Peterson’s students are denied access to a computer lab due to school policy. This policy is a violation of which act?
• In Karl Slaikeu's approach to crisis management, what is the fifth step of psychological first aid?
• Which task best demonstrates the cognitive ability of conservation?
• School-community partnerships primarily aim to enhance what aspect of education?
• What is Lightner Witmer best known for in the field of school psychology?
• Which assessment tool is commonly used for children with hearing impairments?
• Which early skill predicts superior reading ability in later years, in addition to discriminating letters?
• In a team evaluating a new learning intervention, which tool is most useful for maintaining a database and performing data analysis?
• What indicates that Kelly's performance on phonological processing tests is typical for her?
• What action should Dr. Smith take when approached for personal therapy by the spouse of a teacher?
• In the context of assessing students from diverse backgrounds, what is essential for fairness?
• Based on evidence, children like Connor, who witness aggression at home, are likely to be what with peers?
• In fostering home-school collaboration, what service can community resources provide?
• Why are competence enhancement approaches effective for preventing substance abuse in students?
• Which is true of advocacy and public policy efforts related to poverty in the context of school psychology?
• What should a school psychologist prioritize when using problem-solving consultation?
• What is a key requirement for school psychologists when using computer-assisted scoring programs?
• Collaboration between home and school most positively influences what aspect of a student's performance?
• What does it mean if research results are statistically significant?
• According to NASP, what qualification must supervising school psychologists possess?
• Which of the following represents a universal intervention strategy to prevent violent behavior in schools?
• Arnold Gesell is known for what significant contribution to school psychology?
• The goal of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is primarily to teach children to...
• According to the managing complex change model, what is an outcome when necessary resources are lacking for complex change?
• What should be the first course of action for working with a student with multiple transitions and family turmoil?
• Which factor is crucial to consider for the successful integration of students with disabilities?
• In what way can teachers promote self-regulated learning among their students?
• For a student with a severe intellectual disability, which additional assessment is critical for educational planning?
• What should be considered when utilizing assistive technology for students with disabilities?
• Why might a principal choose to focus on first-grade students at risk for reading problems rather than those in kindergarten?
• What type of rehearsal technique involves students mentally practicing responses to teased scenarios?
• How can school psychologists effectively engage with the community?
• Which approach addresses behavioral issues by categorizing students based on risk?
• What instructional strategy involves small group practice using graphic organizers?
• What is a key component of proactive interventions in classroom management?
• In Gerald Caplan's model, what is the primary focus of the consultant?
• What should a school psychologist do first when addressing a student with selective mutism?
• What is the ideal reliability coefficient for a screening instrument for anxiety and depression?
• According to Kenneth Dodge's model, what is the "social stimulus"?
• What outcome is expected from implementing cooperative learning strategies?
• What should a school psychologist insist on when evaluating students, according to NASP ethics?
• What role do school psychologists typically play when engaging with students from diverse backgrounds?
• What type of learning does experience significantly influence according to Salvia and Ysseldyke?
• The primary reason for evaluating a school's psychology program is to?
• Which of the following is the best example of an evidence-based strategy that could be used to promote home-school collaboration?
• Which aspect is not an asset of the Differential Ability Scales-II® (DAS-II®)?
• What does a behavioral model of school intervention primarily focus on?
• Which capability is central to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
• What tool is most effective for teaching students self-correcting techniques according to educational practices?
• What explains the increase in math scores while teachers use an old method during a pilot program?
• A parent-support website mentions a self-management intervention for a child with ADHD. What is the school psychologist's best first step in evaluating this intervention?
• Which assessment methods are considered indirect behavior assessments?
• Jacob's placement reflects which educational principle?
• What assessment should the school psychologist consider for a student showing signs of boredom and declining grades?
• Which factor is linked to negative outcomes for students who are retained in grade?
• Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?
• Which method involves gathering detailed information from observation and interviews focused on one or a few participants?
• In a research study comparing the effectiveness of two reading instruction methods, which statistical procedure should be used to analyze the differences?
• Which principle is emphasized in the American Psychological Association's guidelines regarding the treatment and assessment of children?
• What is a major advantage of standardized norm-referenced assessments?
• What type of assessment is being used when a school psychologist considers cultural impacts during testing?
• Which law addresses the confidentiality of student educational records and their access?
• Which type of measurement evaluates a student's mastery by comparing to a standard?
• What is the most effective way for a school psychologist to bridge cultural gaps in a diverse community?
• What is a key benefit of using peer and parent ratings in behavioral assessments?
• What is the major purpose of monitoring a student's progress during a fluency intervention?
• Which best describes the focus of family literacy practices on students' risk factors?
• The Good Behavior Game is categorized as which type of intervention?
• What is a characteristic of the mental health consultation model?
• What cognitive model suggests that limitations in processing may enhance language learning in young children?
• For a school psychologist looking to improve cultural competence, what is the best action to take?
• What role does reciprocal influence play in a school system?
• What is true about the validity of the study investigating a behavioral intervention?
• What is a common approach used for assessing student knowledge when traditional methods are ineffective?
• What is one goal of school-community partnerships?
• What best characterizes the importance of using a well-researched behavioral measure before and after an intervention?
• Which intervention is most effective for the education of gifted students?
• Which measure of general intelligence is most appropriate for a hearing-impaired child with an intellectual disability?
• Which behavior is most likely to indicate a skills deficit in a student?
• During what circumstance are teachers expected to collaborate with families for optimal student success?
• What should a school psychologist do first when addressing a student with off-task behavior and low work completion?
• What key factor does the mental health consultation model emphasize?
• Which of the following best assesses a child's phonemic awareness?
• What is the process called when an individual or group adopts the cultural traits of a dominant group?
• What area of expertise is most crucial for school psychologists involved in prereferral intervention teams?
• What is the best method for a school psychologist to evaluate a teacher in-service presentation?
• What role does context play in the behavior of family members, according to family systems theory?
• To evaluate a new math curriculum effectively, what method should be employed?
• Which type of intervention is focused on addressing behavioral needs to promote student safety?
• In behavior modification, what is the intended outcome of using extinction?
• Which intervention strategy is most appropriate for students at the highest risk of school dropout?
• If a ninth-grade student reveals their sexual orientation to a school psychologist, what is the ethical responsibility of the psychologist?
• Which intervention strategy is most suitable for a student lacking social skills?
• What are typical values in a data set commonly referred to?
• Which data type is most effective for evaluating academic interventions?
• Which students are most likely to experience traumatic stress reactions after a crisis?
• How should a school psychologist respond to data indicating high dropout rates among specific student groups?
• What does the standard error of measurement indicate?
• According to projections, which minority group is expected to be the largest among school-age students by 2050?
• Which approach is most effective in promoting student engagement and minimizing disruptive behavior in the classroom?
• In the context of systems theory, a change in the school principal affects which aspect of the school?
• What does a raw score on a test represent?
• What is a primary problem with local norms in program evaluation?
• Which statistical procedure combines data from multiple studies focusing on similar questions?
• To effectively target dropout prevention efforts, a school psychologist should assess which of the following?
• What kind of students are most appropriately placed in an alternative school?
• What does effective two-way communication help to build in home-school partnerships?
• What characteristic is most indicative of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a student?
• What term describes the use of equipment to support learning for students with disabilities?
• Which step should a school psychologist take to proactively prevent school crises?
• What concept refers to the fair and proper treatment of all individuals, regardless of their background?
• What should be the primary focus of a cultural broker in school psychology?
• During consultation with a teacher, what is an effective way for school psychologists to gather initial information about a student?
• What type of analysis is best for evaluating the effectiveness of bullying prevention programs before and after implementation?
• What type of feedback is most useful in evaluating program effectiveness in schools?
• Which intervention strategy focuses on altering antecedents to reduce disruptive classroom behavior?
• What must school psychologists consider when working with diverse student populations?
• Which stakeholders are essential for a task force addressing a drop in grades in a school?
• How are measures of central tendency best described?
• When evaluating a school program, why is it essential to focus on making improvements?
• What does the NASP Principles for Professional Ethics state about school psychologists and romantic relationships?