Which approach is focused on modifying observable behavior through behavioral contingencies?

The behavioral model of intervention is centered on adjusting observable behaviors through the use of behavioral contingencies. This means that it employs systematic reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior in a desired direction. The approach is grounded in the principles of behaviorism, which emphasize the role of environmental factors and external stimuli in influencing behavior. Interventions often include techniques such as positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and sometimes punishment to encourage or discourage specific behaviors.

Behavioral models are particularly effective in educational settings, where modifying student behaviors can lead to improved learning outcomes. By directly addressing and measuring behavior, practitioners can create structured environments that reinforce desired behaviors, allowing for clear tracking of progress. This method contrasts with other approaches that may place a greater emphasis on cognitive processes or developmental stages, which are not primarily focused on observable changes in behavior itself.